As of Friday, the town's rate had risen significantly to over 80 per 100,000 of the town's population.
Analysis shows that more than 80% of recent infections were as a result of contact within homes.
Around 80% of those infected recently identified as white/British. Positive cases are being recorded in wards across the town.
Middlesbrough Mayor Andy Preston said: "Covid rates are on the rise nationally and Middlesbrough is no different.
"So while it's not time to panic and we're not suggesting anyone locks themselves away, we do need people to think about their contact with others.
"By all means get out and about responsibly, you can still meet friends or family in a restaurant or pub while remembering the rule of six, but we can clearly see that visiting other houses and welcoming guests to your home increases the risk of infection.
"We can't be complacent about Covid. The virus is definitely damaging jobs and people's mental health, but it also poses very serious health risks for the more vulnerable.
"Please wear a mask, please keep two big steps back from others and keep washing your hands. We can work together to bring the rate down."
Mark Adams, South Tees Joint Director of Public Health, said: "We know that the virus is spreading in households in the vast majority of cases in our area.
"It's clear that the more contact people have with others, the more likely they are to be infected.
"I would urge people to consider whether their contact with people they don't live with is essential. By limiting your contact with other people, you're protecting yourself but also helping to protect vulnerable people who could be at serious risk from Covid.
"Covid admissions to James Cook Hospital are increasing and sadly more people have required critical care in recent days.
"Middlesbrough was one of the worst affected areas in the earlier stage of the pandemic - we must do all we can to protect our friends, family and neighbours from becoming really ill and stop the virus causing the same disruption, distress and misery as it did earlier this year."
Anyone with coronavirus symptoms should self-isolate along with those they live with. The person with symptoms should book a free test online or by calling 119.
A mobile testing site will return to Newport Community Hub in the town centre from Monday to Friday next week (11am - 3pm). The test centre at Middlehaven is also open from 8am-8pm daily.
In recent weeks Middlesbrough Council has delivered face coverings and information to houses around the town.
Mayor Preston also launched a PPE grant scheme designed to help small businesses and the self-employed keep themselves and their customers safe.
Council officers will continue to inspect pubs and restaurants to ensure they are Covid secure.
The Council is encouraging residents to download the NHS Covid-19 app. The app alerts users if they have been in close contact with someone who later tests positive. It also allows users to sign in to venues displaying QR posters.
All businesses required to collect customer details must now display the posters at their entrances. Users would be alerted if they need to take action after positive cases linked to a premises.
